Daktyloskopia

W dziale tym prezentujemy materiały i sprzęt firmy SIRCHIE-USA, niezbędne do ujawniania i zabezpieczania śladów daktyloskopijnych. Katalog w części tej zawiera:

proszki daktyloskopijne (proszki magnetyczne, proszki magnetyczne, proszki UV, proszki daktyloskopijne bichromatyczne oraz proszki o mieszanych właściwościach np. proszek ujawniający ślad na kolor czarny a jednocześnie o właściwościach fluorescencyjnych),
pędzle daktyloskopijne służące do aplikacji proszków zwykłych i magnetycznych (pędzle z włosia wiewiórki, pędzle z sierści wielbłąda i kozy, pędzle z włókien szklanych i węglowych, p,pędzle magnetyczne różnej wielkości),
materiały służące do ujawniania śladów metodami chemicznymi i fizykochemicznymi w postaci materiałów do stosowania metody cyjamoakrylowej i jodowej, do ujawniania śladów na podłożach mokrych (SPR jasny ciemny i UV), materiałów reagujących w aminokwasami i krwią występującą w śladach daktyloskopijnych (ninhydryna i jej roztwory, DFO, 1,2 Ind, , Czerń amidowa, Czerwień węgierska, fiolet krystaliczny, fiolet leukokrystaliczny), materiały służące do ujawniania śladów na taśmach klejących (Adhesive Side Deweloper, Adhesive Side Powder, Czerń sudanowa,Oil Red, Un-Stik), wywoływacz fizyczny, HFE7100 i inne,
komory służące do ujawnia śladów (komory cyjanoakrylowe, komory ninhydrynowe i do ujawniania DFO),
folie daktyloskopijne do zabezpieczania śladów (folie żelatynowe i folie klejowe czarne, białe i przeźroczyste, folie elastyczne o właściwościach japońskiej folii PS-4),
zestawy daktyloskopijne o zróżnicowanej konfiguracji.

Latent Fingerprint Development

The Latent Fingerprint
Latent prints can provide recognizable ridge details that can help identify the owner of those prints. In this section, we offer a comprehensive line of latent fingerprint powders and applicators, lifting tapes and accessories, and latent print developing reagents; everything you need to find, develop and lift latent prints.
All visible print detail should be photographed immediately.
The print residue that is left behind can often be very fragile so caution should be taken to select and execute latent print processing methods that do not damage any possible ridge detail.
Choosing the right development tool is a major component of a latent technician’s job. To know how to choose the right tool, you should understand what makes a fingerprint: the eccrine, sebaceous, and apocrine glands.

Gland	Secretions	Inorganic	Organic
Eccrine	Largely water with inorganic or organic contaminants	Chlorides, metal ions, ammonia, sulfates, and phosphates	Amino acids, urea, lactic acid, choline, uric acid, creatinine, sugars
Sebaceous	Fatty or greasy substances	None	Fatty acids and glycerides, alcohols, hydrocarbons
Apocrine	Cytoplasm and nuclear materials	Sodium, potassium, and iron	Proteins, carbohydrates, cholesterol

There are other components that can affect fingerprints and the method to develop and lift them. Factors include:
• Age and other factors of the individual
• Exposure to the environment
• The surface where the fingerprint was placed

Overview of Chemical Tools and Methods

It’s essential that technicians understand the sequence of development products since developmental reactions will change the chemical nature of the fingerprint and it might become impossible to develop.

Method	Why it’s useful to you
Powders	Powders adhere to water and fatty deposits and generally work better with newer fingerprints. Choose a powder that contrasts with the background.
Fluorescent Powders	Fluorescent powders are especially useful on patterned backgrounds. An ultraviolet or forensic light source is required.
Small Particle Reagent	Small Particle Reagent (SPR) adheres to the fatty components of skin secretions. The reaction result is very fragile and should be photographed before lifting is attempted.
Cyanoacrylate (super glue fuming)	This method produces excellent results on styrofoam, plastic bags, and on most non-porous surfaces. It reacts with water to form a hard, whitish deposit that can be dusted with powders.
Adhesive Side Powder	Adhesive side powder attaches itself to print impressions on the adhesive side of tapes. It produces excellent results on light-colored or transparent tapes including duct tapes, masking tapes, plastic surgical tape, foam tape, clear and reinforced packing tapes and labels.

Guide to Surfaces

Surface	Treatment Method
Smooth, non-porous: glass, hard plastic mouldings, surfaces treated with paint or varnish	Powders, iodine, small particle reagent, cyanoacrylate/fluorescent dyes
Rough, non-porous: rough, textured surfaces, grained plastic mouldings	Small particle reagent, cyanoacrylate/fluorescent dyes
Paper & cardboard: paper & cardboard that hasn’t been waxed or plastic-coated.	Iodine, ninhydrin, DFO, silver nitrate, or physical developer. Powders won’t work with older fingerprints
Plastic packaging media: Polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose acetate, and laminated paper surfaces	Iodine, small particle reagent, cyanoacrylate/fluorescent dyes, and powders
Soft vinyl (PVC), rubber and leather: simulated leather and cling film	Iodine, small particle reagent, cyanoacrylate, and powders
Untreated metal: untreated, bare metal surfaces; metal surfaces that haven’t been painted or lacquered.	Small particle reagent, powders, cyanoacrylate / fluorescent dyes and powders
Unfinished wood: wood surfaces that haven’t been painted or treated.	Ninhydrin. You can use powders on smooth wood and silver nitrate or physical developer on light woods.
Wax and waxed surfaces: items made of wax, such as candles, wax-coated paper, cardboard, wood surfaces	Nonmetallic powders, cyanoacrylate / fluorescent dyes
Adhesive-coated surfaces: tapes and similar surfaces that are not likely to dissolve in water	Adhesive-side powders